So is qtdatavis3d's Abstract3DRenderer just not compatible with desktop OpenGL versions higher than 2.1? If so that is pretty limiting!
I've written a short test to verify that QOpenGLContext::versionFunctions() returns nullptr for QOpenGLFunctions_2_1, but returns an object for QOpenGLFunctions_4_5_Core on my Ubuntu machine (which has OpenGL 4.5 installed).