In case anyone wonders, I found the way to connect both classes and tell mainWidget to change stack through the login widget's button.
//header of the login widget
public slots:
    void verifyUser(int iUserCorrect )
    {
        if ( iUserCorrect != iUserVerified )
        {
            iUserVerified = iUserCorrect;
            emit valueChanged( iUserVerified );
        }
    }
signals:
    void valueChanged( int iUserCorrect );
private slots:
    void on_btnLogin_clicked();
private:
    Ui::QLogin *ui;
    QSqlDatabase sqlUsuarios;
    int iUserVerified;
source file of the login widget (only where valueChanged was used, in the SQLite verification):
iUserVerified = 0;
    QSqlQuery sqlQry;
    if(sqlQry.exec("SELECT User, Password, Role FROM Usuarios WHERE User=\'" + sUsername +
            "\' AND Password =\'" + sPassword + "\'"))
    {
        if(sqlQry.next())
        {
            ui->lblStatus->setText("Nombre de usuario y contraseña válidos.");
            qDebug() << "Usuario OK";
            verifyUser(1);
        }
and finally, the connect() in the mainWidget source file. Note that I had already made an instance of a promoted login widget inside this file:
#include "mainwidget.h"
#include "ui_mainwidget.h"
#include <qlogin.h>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QCalendarWidget>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QPushButton>
mainWidget::mainWidget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::mainWidget)
{
    mainLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
    stackedLayout = new QStackedLayout();
    QLogin *loginWidget = new QLogin;
    stackedLayout->addWidget(loginWidget);
    stackedLayout->addWidget(new QCalendarWidget);
    mainLayout->addLayout(stackedLayout);
    setLayout(mainLayout);
    connect(loginWidget, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)),
             this, SLOT(changeStack()));
    ui->setupUi(this);
}
The changeStack method simply changes the index of the stack:
void mainWidget::changeStack()
{
    stackedLayout->setCurrentIndex(stackedLayout->currentIndex() + 1);
    qDebug() << "changeStack()";
}
Took me some time, but I finally got it.