hi vpettersson,
i got the same errors and got it working with 3 symlinks:
in sysroot/opt/vc/include/EGL
mv egl.h egl.h-old
mv eglext.h eglext.h-old
mv eglplatform.h eglplatform.h-old
ln -s /home/jw78/raspi/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtwebengine/src/3rdparty/chromium/third_party/khronos/EGL/eglext.h eglext.h
ln -s /home/jw78/raspi/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtwebengine/src/3rdparty/chromium/third_party/khronos/EGL/egl.h egl.h
ln -s /home/jw78/raspi/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtwebengine/src/3rdparty/chromium/third_party/khronos/EGL/eglplatform.h eglplatform.h
of course you must adjust your paths (/home/jw78/raspi/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2)
there are many egl.h/eglext.h/eglplatform.h to include and because of the include order the comiler fetches first the files in sysroot/opt/vc/include/EGL
probably the better solution is to reorder the "-I" flags for the compiler, but i have no idea how to do this
i did not
dpkg --purge libraspberrypi-dev