Sorry to reopen the ticket. But I think we can add an answer for whoever ends up here in the future.
I have the same issue, also had libxkbcommon into the image under /usr/lib/ and kept having the same error.
The problem was basically on Yocto build I missed configuring the qtbase PACKAGECONFIG variable to enable the xkbcommon option.
To do that, you add a new layer, create a qtbase_%.bbappend file and add:
PACKAGECONFIG:append:<machinename> = " xkbcommon"
NOTE: If you don't add the <machinename> you will have failures because other packages won't have the -native extension.
NOTE2: make sure to do that in a clean build (or clean all qt packages), other ptest will fail complaining that a configuration was changed and it doesn't know why.