@kshegunov @mrjj
Thanks for your explanation. Finally I figured out that the problem lay in the signal QGraphicsScene::changed I used. I learned about this signal in an OpenGL example in Qt. By using it I was trying to update my wave soon after its last update, however this signal could also be triggered by changing axis range or window resize, which would probably cause the crash for I didn't consider thread safety and synchronization under this condition.
So I defined a custom signal function and now the problem is solved.